Isabelle
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
Isabelle is a metalogical logical framework (but Isabelle/HOL is a
metalogical framework, which is a logical framework that allows us to prove results
about deductive systems; this is because HOL is a metalogical framework).
Recall, logical frameworks reason within deductive systems. Isabelle is
a bit like a tool to create proof assistants, which is why we often see
things like Isabelle/X
for various choices of X
.
2. Earley Parsing
The "object logic" is parsed using an Earley parser, as noted in the section "Parsing and unparsing" of Documentation about Syntax (Chapter 3 of the PDF version of the documentation):
Actual parsing is based on traditional lexical analysis and Earley parsing for arbitrary context-free grammars.
I always wondered if the rumours were true about Isabelle using an Earley parser, now we know.
3. Symbols and Strings
The basic unit of text is a "symbol" (roughly analogous to a "character" in most other languages). A symbol is one of the following:
- An ASCII character
- A codepoint according to UTF-8
- A regular symbol
\<ident>
for things like Greek letters in a TeX-like format - A control symbol
\<^ident>
for things like bold, emphasis, etc.
This was introduced in Isabelle98 according to Wenzel's "Isabelle as Document-oriented Proof Assistant" (2011).
The 1998 version can still be accessed on the Older Isabelle Releases page.
See also:
- Yves Bertot and Laurent Théry,
"A generic approach to building user interfaces for theorem provers."
Journal of Symbolic Computation 25, no. 2 (1998) 161–194.
Asynchronous Proof Processing with Isabelle-Scala and Isabelle-jEdit.
4. References
4.1. Early Papers
- Lawrence Paulson,
"The Foundation of a Generic Theorem Prover".
arXiv:cs/9301105, 37 pages.- Introduces Isabelle/Pure as a fragment of intuitionistic higher-order logic.
- Lawrence Paulson,
"Isabelle: The Next 700 Theorem Provers".
arXiv:cs/9301106 - Lawrence Paulson,
"Natural Deduction as Higher-Order Resolution".
arXiv:cs/9301104
4.2. Set Theory in Isabelle
- Florian Rabe and Mihnea Iancu,
"A Formalized Set-Theoretical Semantics of Isabelle/HOL".
PDF, 20 pages - Bohua Zhan,
"Formalization of the fundamental group in untyped set theory using auto2".
arXiv:1707.04757, 17 pages.- One of the few formalizations using both untyped set theory and Isabelle